Blaenavon Ironworks is an industrial museum in Blaenavon (Welsh: Blaenafon) in South East Wales. The ironworks was importance in the development of the ability to use cheap, low quality, high sulphur iron ores around the world. Sidney Gilchrist Thomas with his cousin Percy Gilchrist conducted experiments at the Blaenafon Ironworks site which led to the basic steel process otherwise know as the "Gilchrist-Thomas process".
Stack Square and Engine Row are a group of stone cottages stand next to the Ironworks. Stack Square was featured in the BBC Wales television series Coal House and Coal House at War. The houses were built around 1788 for the skilled workers who operated the furnaces. One of the early occupants was Joseph Hampton from the Stourbridge in Worcestershire, he was a superintendent of the Ironworks for nearly thirty years before he died in 1832. The square which the cottages form had a 50 metre high chimney stack in the middle, a stack for a new engine house that was placed there in 1860, the base can still be seen today. The central range of Stack Square which was the company office, shop and manager's house since 1788, was converted in to accommodation in the 1860s. Stack square is a Scheduled Ancient Monument in the care of the state and has been carefully conserved.
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